Mendel+and+Pea+Plants

====Gregor Johann Mendel was born in 1822 and died in 1884. During his lifetime he devoted his life to being an Austrian monk. Mendel is the one that discovered the laws of inheritance. He studied inheritance traits in pea plants. He studied 7 different traits of pea plants in 7 years (1856-1863), he studied about 28,000 different pea plants. Mendel picked pea plants because they grow faster and reproduce faster, they have easy characters to study, and because both genders self pollinate. He studied seed shape, seed color, pod shape, pod color, seed coat color, flower position, plant height, and flower color. Particulate Inheritance was stated by Mendel and it said that physical traits are inherited as particles but as time passed and more studies were done we came to find out that they weren't particles they were actually chromosomes and DNA. Mendels experiment was he hand pollinated flowers using a paintbrush, but he could snip the stamen to stop self pollination, but he let them self pollinate for several generations. Finally after 7 years studying 7 different traits in pea plants Mendel found out that the plants offspring kept traits from their parents. After that Mendel was forever known as "Father of Genetics". Mendel came up with three laws Law of Dominance which states that in a cross of parents only one form of trait will appear in their offspring. The offspring will be heterozygous and show only the dominant trait (R). The second law was Law of Segregation that states that when gametes (ova and sperm) are forming the two alleles that are responsible for a trait separate, for example Rr=R and r. But when it's time for fertilization they are recombined making the genotype for the offspring. The third law is the Law of Independent Assortment is states that alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells and also the offspring, but they are distributed indpendently from each other forming different mixes during the formation of gametes.====