Cloning+Organisms+&+Cells

=** What is Cloning? **=

** -Cloning is the copying or duplication of an organism or a cell. In cloning every aspect of an organism or cell is transferred to the clone, it contains the exact same DNA as the original. **
=** How does Cloning happen? **=

** - 1) Artificial Embryo Twinning **

 * =====** Low-Tech **=====
 * =====** The Process occurs in a petri dish **=====
 * =====**Embryo is separated into individual cells**=====
 * =====**Cell divides and develops all by itself**=====
 * =====**Remaining Embryo is put into a substitute mother**=====
 * =====**Embryo is then delivered normally**=====
 * =====**Same as a Zygote**=====

**- 2) Somatic Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)**

 * =====**Somatic cell is separated from adult**=====
 * =====**Nucleus is transferred from the cell to the egg cell (Nucleus is removed)**=====
 * =====**A couple of chemical alterations**=====
 * =====**Egg cell has a brand new nucleus**=====
 * =====**Developed into an Embryo**=====
 * =====**It is put into a substitute mother**=====
 * =====**Embryo is then delivered normally**=====
 * =====**Same as Zygote**=====

=** Difference b/w natural way and SCNT **=

** - In SCNT all the chromosome sets come from only one place, unlike the natural way in which they come from two locations which are the egg and sperm. **
=** Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes **=

** -Prokaryotes clone themselves by undergoing to the process of Binary Fission. **

 * =====** Doesn't have a nucleus **=====

** -Eukaryotes that go through the process of Mitosis clone themselves, such as skin cells. They do have an exception gametes that undergo Meiosis are not duplicated. **

 * =====** Does have a nucleus **=====



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