Carbohydrates

====Carbohydrates are molecules that vary in size they can be small to large. They are made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen they have a ratio of 1:2:1. Carbohydrtaes serve as source of energy and structure. They have simple sugars which are known as Monosaccharides (Mono=1). These sugars are Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Deoxyribose, and Ribose. Isomers mean that they have different structures but the same chemical formula. Glucose, Galactose and Fructose are Isomers. Glucose is found in sports drinks, Fructose in fruits and Galactose is a sort of milk sugar. Each of these end in "Ose" this means sugar. In water solutions Monosaccharides form ring structures. They are hydrophillic as well Disaccharides. Hydrophillic means water loving. Disaccharides means two sugars (Di=2). They are fromed when two Monosaccharides combine together. Dehydration Synthesis links them together and Hydrolysis breaks them apart from each other. Some examples of Disacharrides are Sucrose= Glucose+Fructose, Lactose= Galactose+Glucose, and Maltose= Glucose+Glucose. Polysaccharides are many sugars. (Poly=many). Examples of Polysaccharides would be starch(bread, potatoes). Starch is found in plants and it is used for energy storage. Two types of starch exist which are Amylose which is a long strait of unbranched chains, and Pectins is many linked short Amylose chains. Starch can be digested by animals. Another example is glycogen(beef muscle). Animals tend to store excess sugar which eventually ends up forming into Glycogen. Glycogen is used by animals for short term energy storage and it can be digested. It is stored in the human liver and later on it is converted into fat. Another example is Cellulose(lettuce,corn) it froms cable-like fibrils that end up enclosing plants. It is a dietary fiber, even though it is not digested it does clean out out bodies. Cellulose is used by plants for structure such as wood but it is not digestable. Animlals don't digest it but they have a bacteria in their digestive tract that does break down cellulose, it is known as Dietary Cellulose. Finally, Chitin it makes up exoskeletons of insects.====