Proteins

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Proteins contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, their are 20 different types of amino acids. Amino acids are known as Poymers of Molecules of proteins. They all tend to look alike in their structure except for their R group. Amino groups tend to be positive, but he Carboxyl group acts negative. Amino Acids form Peptide Bonds by Dehydration Synthesis. Amino Acid+Amino Acid=Dipeptide, Amino Acid+Dipeptide=Tripeptide. Proteins structure is firstly, Primary Strucuture. It is when Amino Acids bond together by peptide bonds. Secondary structure, is when part of a protein molecule bends into helix shape. This folding into coils and pleats is held together by hydrogen bonds. Tertiary structure, is when the protein twist and compacts itself. It contains bonds such as Hydrogen bonds, Ionic bonds, ans Disulfide bridges. Most of the time it is called a subunit. The final structure is Quaternary structure, it is made up of 2 or more subunits. It forms in aqueous enviornments. This structure can be ruined by heat which will denature the protein. Proteins function are storage (ex:albumin->egg white), Transport (ex:cell membrane), Regulate (ex: hormones->Insulin), Movement (ex:bones & muscles), Structure (ex:membranes, hair, nails), Enzyme (ex:bio-catalyst), Immune System (ex: Antibodies/Recognition). If one amino acid is substituted for another amino acid in hemoglobin can cause sickle-cell disease.=====